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ROMAN PAGES:

ROMA 2003

ROMA 2001

Roman Calendar

Roman Economy

Ancient Measures

Fleet Coinage

Cast Forgeries

Legionary Denarii

Turtles in Carnuntum

Unusual Rep. Coins

Imp. Countermarks

Circulation

Roman Overstrikes

Semis over Ptolemaic

Triens over Sicilian

Quadrans over Sicilian

Uncia over Syracuse

Bronze Disease

Treatment

Comments

GREEK PAGES:

Athens-India and back

Overstrikes from Pantikapaion

Greek & Roman Gods

VARIOUS:

Yahoogroups

Preliminary information on countermarks
...more to come in the next months...

no guarantee for accuracy as this page was
compiled out of several sources which differ
in interpretation and affiliation to the emperors

Augustus:  
AVC Countermark - AVGCountermark - AVG
wheel Countermark - Wheel
IMP
IMP + lituus
C VAL
C. Numonius Vala:
cavalry prefect
under Varus		 Countermark - CVAL - C. Numonius Vala praefect under Varus
Q VAR
Quintilius Varus:
while governor in Syria		 Countermark - QVAR Quintilius Varus
VAR
Varus		 Countermark - VAR Varus
APRON
Apronius ?
(moneyer of Augustus)
PP Countermark - PP
IMPAVC Countermark - IMPAVC
Tiberius:  
TIB
(also with square punch)		 Countermark - TIB
CAE
TICAE Countermark - TICAE
TIBIM
(also TIBIMP)		 Countermark - TIBIM
TIBAVC Countermark - TIBAVC

Claudius:

  
IMP
TICA Countermark - TICA
TIAV Countermark - TIAV
TIBCLAVIMP
(also TIBCLAIMP)		 Countermark - TIBCLAVIMP
AVTICAV
(also AVTCAV)
Nero:  
NCAPR
Civil War 68-70 AD  
SPQR
+ variations like
SPR, SPO, PR		 Countermark - SPQRCountermark - SPR
Revaluations:  

PROB
(also PRO, PR) (lat. probatum - approve)
* heavy worn coins were approved to be official and to remain in circulation WITH THE SAME VALUE (otherwise they were marked with DVP, AS or S)
* also barbaric issuse were stamped with this (maybe a 'private' countermark to keep barbaric coins in trade when roman officials couldn't or wouldn't stamp it)
* affiliated to Claudius I.

 Countermark - PROB
DVP
(also DV)
revaluation to a Dupondius
AS, S
revaluation to an As or Semis
The 'S' is in use since republican times.		 Countermark - ASCountermark - S

Legions:

  
Numbers like X, VI
aswell as:		  
LVIF Legio VI Ferrata from Judea
LXF, XF, LXF Legio X Fretensis Jerusalem
LXII Legio XII Fulminata
L XVA Legio XV Apollinaris

 
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